OpenAnesthesia®️ offers free online access to comprehensive, high-quality, peer-reviewed educational content on various anesthesiology, critical care, and perioperative medicine topics. Our site features podcast interviews with experts from anesthesiology and related fields, in-depth articles on key concepts, vodcasts covering a wide range of subspecialty topics, and many more valuable resources for trainees and physicians.
Advancing patient care through education.
Transforming perioperative patient care by providing open access to high-quality educational content for anesthesiology trainees and clinicians.
Editorial Board
Debnath Chatterjee, MD, FAAP
Editor-in-Chief
Contact
[email protected]Institution
Children’s Hospital Colorado
About
Debnath Chatterjee, MD, is a pediatric anesthesiologist at Children’s Hospital Colorado and Professor of anesthesiology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. After completing medical school in India, he pursued an anesthesiology residency training at Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, NY, followed by a pediatric anesthesiology fellowship at Boston Children’s Hospital. Dr. Chatterjee has been practicing as a pediatric anesthesiologist since 2005. His areas of clinical interest include anesthesia for fetal interventions and button-battery ingestions in children. He has been actively involved in OpenAnesthesia as a pediatric anesthesia section editor since 2015 and was appointed Editor-in-Chief in 2022.
Debnath Chatterjee, MD, FAAP
Editor-in-Chief
Debnath Chatterjee, MD, FAAP
Institution
Children’s Hospital Colorado
Contact
[email protected]About
Debnath Chatterjee, MD, is a pediatric anesthesiologist at Children’s Hospital Colorado and Professor of anesthesiology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. After completing medical school in India, he pursued an anesthesiology residency training at Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, NY, followed by a pediatric anesthesiology fellowship at Boston Children’s Hospital. Dr. Chatterjee has been practicing as a pediatric anesthesiologist since 2005. His areas of clinical interest include anesthesia for fetal interventions and button-battery ingestions in children. He has been actively involved in OpenAnesthesia as a pediatric anesthesia section editor since 2015 and was appointed Editor-in-Chief in 2022.
Section Editors
Kristine E. W. Breyer, MD
Summaries
Kristine E. W. Breyer, MD
Institution
University of California, San Francisco
About
Kristine Breyer, MD, is a critical care anesthesiologist at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). After completing medical school at Loyola University, Kristine completed her anesthesia residency and critical care fellowship at UCSF. She works clinically as an anesthesiologist and intensivist, mostly specializing in the cardiovascular ICUs. Kristine has a strong interest in patient safety and education. She currently serves as the director for medical student anesthesia clerkships. Kristine also serves as the medical director for code blue and co-medical director of the cardiovascular ICU. She joined OpenAnesthesia in 2023 as Section Editor for Summaries.
Yuriy Bronshteyn, MD
Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Yuriy Bronshteyn, MD
Institution
Duke University Health System
About
Yuriy Bronshteyn, MD, is an intensivist and anesthesiologist at Duke University Health System and the Durham VA and an assistant professor of anesthesiology at Duke University School of Medicine. He completed medical school at Vanderbilt in 2010 and then both anesthesiology residency (2014) and ICU fellowship (2015) at Massachusetts General Hospital. Since 2015, Dr. Bronshteyn has been practicing both critical care medicine and anesthesiology. Within these two fields, his main area of clinical interest is diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). As a POCUS educator, he has been actively involved within the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) on a number of projects. Currently, he is the Editor-in-Chief of the ASA Editorial Board on POCUS and helped develop and launch the ASA's Diagnostic POCUS Certificate Program. In 2022, he became Section Editor for POCUS for OpenAnesthesia.org.
Jaime Daly, MD
Obstetric Anesthesia
Jaime Daly, MD
Institution
Children’s Hospital Colorado
About
Jaime Daly, MD, is an obstetric anesthesiologist at Children’s Hospital Colorado and an assistant professor of anesthesiology at the University of Colorado. After completing medical school, she pursued an anesthesiology residency training at Yale New Haven Hospital in New Haven, CT, followed by an obstetric anesthesiology fellowship at the University of Chicago. Dr. Daly has been practicing as an anesthesiologist since 2016. Her areas of clinical interest include inequities in obstetric anesthesia and also graduate medical education. She is also Medical Director of the Anesthesiologist Assistant Masters Program at the University of Colorado. In 2022, she joined OpenAnesthesia as Associate Editor for the Obstetric Anesthesia section, and moved into the Section Editor role in June 2024.
Melody Anderson (Herman), MD
Regional Anesthesia
Melody Anderson (Herman), MD
Institution
Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center
About
Melody Herman, MD, is the Director of Regional Anesthesiology at Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, NC. She completed medical school at Saint Louis University, anesthesiology residency at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, followed by regional anesthesia and acute pain medicine fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Herman’s areas of clinical interest include regional anesthesiology, trauma anesthesiology, and point-of-care ultrasound. Dr. Herman joined OpenAnesthesia as Section Editor for the Regional Anesthesia section in 2024.
Juan Ibla, MD, MS, FAAP
Pediatric Spanish Education
Juan Ibla, MD, MS, FAAP
Institution
Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
About
Juan C. Ibla, MD, MS, FAAP, is a pediatric cardiac anesthesiologist at Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Dr. Ibla completed his training in Anesthesia at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and pediatric/cardiac anesthesia at Boston Children’s. Dr. Ibla currently serves as Chair of the Latin America Interest Group of CCAS/SPA and President of the Latin American Consortium for Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiologist. He has background in basic science, development of biotechnology, and deep-learning innovation strategies around complex clinical pediatric operations. He is committed to improve quality of care for pediatric patients through enhanced access to high-quality medical education in Latin America.
Youn-Hoa Jung, MD
Critical Care Medicine
Youn-Hoa Jung, MD
Institution
Johns Hopkins Hospital
About
Youn-Hoa Jung, MD, is a critical care and cardiac anesthesiologist at Johns Hopkins Hospital. After completing her intern year at George Washington University Hospital, she completed her residency and fellowships in critical care and cardiac anesthesiology at Johns Hopkins Hospital. She stayed on as faculty, first as a T32 research grant recipient then as an assistant professor. Her areas of ongoing research and interest are in the study and application of computer vision and robotics in medical field. In 2022, she was appointed Section Editor for Critical Care for OpenAnesthesia.
Kanupriya Kumar, MD
Social Media
Kanupriya Kumar, MD
Institution
Hospital for Special Surgery
About
Kanupriya Kumar, MD, is Anesthesiology Site Director, Hospital for Special Surgery ASC of Manhattan; Assistant Attending Anesthesiologist, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Management; and Clinical Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology Weill Cornell Medical College. Dr. Kumar completed her residency at Johns Hopkins Hospital and a regional anesthesia fellowship at Hospital for Special Surgery. Her clinical interests include operation room efficiency, conservation, global and public health, and opioid stewardship. In 2022, she joined OpenAnesthesia as Social Media Editor.
Carole Lin, MD
Multimedia
Carole Lin, MD
Institution
Stanford University
About
Dr. Carole Lin, MD, is a Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesiology at Stanford University and pediatric and regional anesthesiology expertise. Her dedication extends beyond medicine to her passion for video media production and a profound love for art, enriching her approach to education and research. Recognized by awards like the Stanford Health Care Sustainability Seed Grant and the Teacher of the Year accolade, she pioneers in healthcare sustainability. She leads the Perioperative Sustainability at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, founded the AWISH program targeting medical waste, and is Chair of the California Society of Anesthesiologists' Sustainability Task Force. Complementing her scientific pursuits, Dr. Lin's artistic sensibilities and multimedia acumen enhance her advocacy for global health equity.
Elizabeth Mahanna Gabrielli, MD
Neuro Anesthesia
Elizabeth Mahanna Gabrielli, MD
Institution
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
About
Elizabeth Mahanna Gabrielli, MD, is an Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, and Pain Management at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Division Chief of Geriatric Anesthesiology. She completed her medical doctorate at the University of Texas at Southwestern in 2007. She completed her residency in Anesthesiology at Rush University in 2011 followed by fellowships in Critical Care Medicine and Neuroanesthesiology at the University of Florida. She is particularly interested in neurological diseases, including neuroanesthesiology, neurological critical care, and perioperative brain health. She is honored to have been appointed the neuroanesthesiology section editor in 2022 for OpenAnesthesia.
Emily Methangkool, MD, MPH
Cardiac Anesthesia
Emily Methangkool, MD, MPH
Institution
University of California Los Angeles
About
Emily Methangkool, MD, MPH, serves as the Vice Chair of Quality and Safety for the UCLA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and is an associate professor in cardiothoracic anesthesiology. Dr. Methangkool is passionate about patient safety, quality improvement, cardiac anesthesia, and gender equity in medicine, and has written about and spoken on these topics at the national level. She is the current Vice Chair of the ASA Committee on Patient Safety and Education, former Vice Chair of the Women in Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Special Interest Group of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, and on the communications team of the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation. In 2022, she joined OpenAnesthesia as Section Editor for the Cardiac Anesthesia section.
Samuel Percy, MD
Global Health Equity
Samuel Percy, MD
Institution
Children’s Hospital Colorado
About
Samuel Percy, MD, is a pediatric anesthesiologist at Children’s Hospital Colorado and an assistant professor of anesthesiology at the University of Colorado. He completed medical school at the University of Colorado and his residency training in anesthesiology at the University of Washington. He completed the UCSF HEAL Initiative global health equity fellowship and pediatric anesthesiology fellowship at Children’s Hospital Colorado. Dr. Percy has had a keen interest in health equity since prior to medical school and has had the opportunity to study tuberculosis in the indigenous population of Northern Chile, examine trauma systems in South Africa, and teach, support and mentor anesthesia providers in Malawi. He joined OpenAnesthesia as Section Editor for the Global Health Equity section in 2022.
Shalini Shah, MD, MBA
Pain Medicine
Shalini Shah, MD, MBA
Institution
University of California, Irvine
About
Shalini Shah, MD, MBA, is Professor and Vice-Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Enterprise Director of Pain Services at UC Irvine. She is currently the President, California Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (CALSIPP). Her areas of interest include pain medicine, pediatric, migraine, BOTOX®, neuromodulation, opioids, health care delivery, and the future of health. She joined OpenAnesthesia as Section Editor for the Pain Medicine section in 2022.
Jina Sinskey, MD
Pediatric Anesthesia
Jina Sinskey, MD
Institution
University of California, San Francisco
About
Jina Sinskey, MD, is an associate professor of anesthesia at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) specializing in pediatric anesthesia. She received her undergraduate degree from MIT and her medical degree from Tufts University School of Medicine. She completed her internship and residency in anesthesiology at UCSF and her pediatric anesthesiology fellowship at Boston Children's Hospital. Dr. Sinskey is the inaugural Associate Chair of Well-Being for the Department of Anesthesia at UCSF. She serves as the Vice Chair of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Physician Well-Being and the Vice Chair of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Pediatric Anesthesia Educational Track Subcommittee. She is a member of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Board of Directors. Since 2020, Dr. Sinskey has been an editor for the Pediatric Anesthesia section for OpenAnesthesia.
Associate Editors
Leena Adamian, MD
Pediatric Anesthesia
Leena Adamian, MD
Institution
Oregon Health & Science University
About
Leena Adamian, MD, is a pediatric anesthesiologist at Doernbecher Children’s Hospital and an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Science University. She completed anesthesia residency at University of Missouri Kansas City, followed by pediatric anesthesia fellowship at Oregon Health & Science University. Dr. Adamian has been practicing as a pediatric anesthesiologist since 2024. Her areas of clinical interest include pediatric craniofacial and plastic surgery and anesthesia education. In 2025, she joined OpenAnesthesia as Associate Editor for the Pediatric Anesthesia section.
Betelehem Asnake, MD
Global Health Equity
Betelehem Asnake, MD
Institution
University of California Los Angeles
About
Betelehem Asnake, MD, is a general anesthesiologist specializing in global health equity and an assistant professor at the University of California Los Angeles Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine. After migrating to Los Angeles from Ethiopia in her teenage years, she pursued her undergraduate degree at UCLA, her Master’s of Science in Pharmacology and Toxicology at Virginia Commonwealth University and obtained her medical degree from the University of Virginia. She underwent her anesthesiology residency training at the University of California Davis and her fellowship training in Global Health Equity in Anesthesiology at the University of California San Francisco. Dr. Asnake has been practicing as a general anesthesiologist since 2009 and currently leads her department in global health equity efforts. Her areas of clinical interest include safe anesthesia in resource-restrained settings, capacity building in low- and middle-income countries and resident curriculum building in health equity topics. In 2022, she joined OpenAnesthesia as Associate Editor for the Global Health Equity section.
Diana Ayubcha, DO, MS
Neuro Anesthesia
Diana Ayubcha, DO, MS
Institution
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
About
Diana Ayubcha, DO, MS, is a neuroanesthesiologist at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and is an assistant professor of anesthesiology and critical care at the University of Pennsylvania. After completing her Masters in Neuromusculoskeletal Sciences and medical school at New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, she pursued an anesthesiology residency training at a Tuft's University Hospital in Springfield, MA, followed by a neuroanesthesiology fellowship at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Ayubcha has been practicing as a neuroanesthesiologist since 2017. Her areas of clinical interest include anesthesia for thrombectomy in the setting of stroke and awake craniotomies. She has been actively involved in OpenAnesthesia as a neuroanesthesia associate editor since 2022.
Sean Barnes, MD, MBA
Pediatric Anesthesia
Sean Barnes, MD, MBA
Institution
Johns Hopkins
About
Sean Barnes, MD, MBA, is an assistant professor of anesthesiology and critical care medicine at Johns Hopkins working in both the pediatric cardiac ICU and operating room. He is currently the Chair of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Communications Committee. Sean was the first Hopkins combined pediatrics and anesthesia resident and was a chief resident in anesthesiology. He then completed pediatric critical care and pediatric anesthesia fellowship at Hopkins. Sean’s academic focus is on prevention and management of pediatric delirium in the perioperative period. He also has a well-known interest in social media and the impact it has on medicine.
Anna Budde, MD
Liaison to SOCCA
Anna Budde, MD
Institution
University of Minnesota
About
Anna Budde, MD, is an anesthesiologist and intensivist at the University of Minnesota Medical Center and an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology at the University of Minnesota. She earned her medical degree at the Georgetown University School of Medicine and completed residency in anesthesiology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School. She then completed a critical care fellowship at the University of Chicago. Her academic interests include quality improvement, difficult airway management, and airway management in the critically ill. She was appointed Associate Editor for Critical Care and SOCCA liaison to OpenAnesthesia in 2024.
Chad T. Dean, MD
Obstetric Anesthesia
Chad T. Dean, MD
Institution
The University of Chicago
About
Chad Dean, MD, is an assistant professor of anesthesiology and obstetric anesthesiologist at the University of Chicago. After completing medical school at West Virginia University School of Medicine, he completed an anesthesiology residency at University Hospitals Case Medical Center in Cleveland, OH, followed by an obstetric anesthesiology fellowship at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Dr. Dean has been practicing as an obstetric anesthesiologist since 2019. Dr. Dean’s areas of clinical interest include DEI initiatives in anesthesia, graduate medical education, and point of care ultrasound. He is also Program Director of the obstetric anesthesia fellowship at the University of Chicago.
Seema Deshpande, MBBS
Cardiac Anesthesia
Seema Deshpande, MBBS
Institution
University of Maryland School of Medicine
About
Seema Deshpande, MBBS, is a cardiothoracic anesthesiologist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and an associate professor of anesthesiology. After completing medical school in India, she pursued an anesthesiology residency at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, followed by a cardiothoracic anesthesiology fellowship, also at Washington University, St Louis. Dr. Deshpande has been practicing as a cardiothoracic anesthesiologist since 2003. She is an active clinician-educator and Director of the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology fellowship at the University of Maryland. She has been involved in OpenAnesthesia as an associate editor for the Cardiac Anesthesia section since 2022.
Babar Fiza, MD
Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Babar Fiza, MD
Institution
Emory University
About
Babar Fiza, MD, is a critical care anesthesiologist at Emory University in Atlanta. After completing medical school at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, he pursued an anesthesiology residency at the University of Michigan, followed by a critical care fellowship at Columbia New York Presbyterian Hospital. Dr. Fiza's areas of interest include point-of-care ultrasound and exploring the burgeoning role of artificial intelligence in graduate medical education. He has served as an instructor for POCUS workshops on regional, national, and international levels and is looking forward to continuing to advance POCUS education through OpenAnesthesia, which he joined in 2022 as Associate Editor for the POCUS section.
Julia A. Gálvez, MD MBI
Liaison to STA
Julia A. Gálvez, MD MBI
Institution
University of Nebraska Medical Center
About
Dr. Julia Gálvez Delgado is the Kugler Vonderfecht Professor of Pediatric Anesthesiology and serves as the Division Chief of Pediatric Anesthesiology at the Children’s Hospital & Medical center and Vice Chair of Pediatric Anesthesiology at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine in Omaha, Nebraska. She has focused her efforts on promoting faculty development across perioperative care including operations, quality improvement, education, and research.
She is a clinical expert in point of care ultrasonography, advanced techniques for vascular access, neonatal anesthesiology, and pediatric difficult airway management.
Dr. Gálvez Delgado is a leader in the field of biomedical informatics, specifically in the implementation and optimization of electronic health record systems for pediatric perioperative care, both nationally and internationally. Furthermore, she has developed an interest in pediatric medical device development and has collaborated with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration through the Pediatric Medical Device Consortium Program.
Dr. Gálvez Delgado is an openly transgender woman and strives to develop systems that deliver equitable health care for all patients
Bishr Haydar, MD
Pediatric Anesthesia
Bishr Haydar, MD
Institution
C.S. Mott Children's Hospital at the University of Michigan/Michigan Medicine
About
Bishr Haydar, MD, is a pediatric cardiac anesthesiologist at C.S. Mott Children's Hospital at the University of Michigan/Michigan Medicine, since 2011. He trained at Massachusetts General Hospital (Anesthesiology 2009, Chief Residency 2010) and the University of Michigan (Pediatric Anesthesiology 2011) after receiving his MD from the University of Michigan (2005). He has been active in the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, Wake Up Safe and the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group. His research areas of interest include complications associate with anesthesia and safe transport of critically ill and anesthetized children. He joined OpenAnesthesia in 2025.
Eric R. Heinz, MD, PhD
Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Eric R. Heinz, MD, PhD
Institution
Mary Washington Healthcare
About
Eric R. Heinz, MD, PhD, is a board-certified anesthesiologist and Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine at the Mary Washington Healthcare. Dr. Heinz earned his PhD and subsequently his MD from the Virginia Commonwealth University. After completing medical school, he completed his anesthesiology residency training at Rush University Medical Center. Prior to entering academic medicine in 2018, he spent eight years in private practice. His area of clinical research focuses on the application of point-of-care ultrasound in the perioperative arena, with specific interest in airway POCUS. He has spoken nationally and published extensively on this topic. In 2022, he joined OpenAnesthesia as Associate Editor for the POCUS section.
Benjamin M. Hyers, MD
Obstetric Anesthesia
Benjamin M. Hyers, MD
Institution
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
About
Benjamin Hyers, MD, is an assistant professor of anesthesiology, perioperative, and pain medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. After completing medical school at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, he completed an anesthesiology residency and obstetric anesthesiology fellowship at Mount Sinai in New York City. Dr. Hyers has been practicing as an anesthesiologist since 2022. Dr. Hyers' areas of clinical interest include resident and medical education, high-fidelity simulation, and obstetric anesthesiology. He is also an associate program director for the Mount Sinai residency program.
Deepa Kattail, MD MHS FAAP
Pain Medicine
Deepa Kattail, MD MHS FAAP
Institution
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
About
Deepa Kattail, MD MHS FAAP, is a pediatric anesthesiologist and pain physician at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto and an assistant professor in the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the University of Toronto. She is double-board certified in both anesthesiology and pediatric anesthesiology by the American Board of Anesthesiology, having completed anesthesia residency at Rush University Medical Centre and pediatric anesthesiology fellowship at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. She is a board director and chair of the communications committee for the Society for Pediatric Pain Medicine and co-chair for the Ontario Chronic Pain Network. She is actively involved in educational content creation related to pediatric pain and regional anesthesia for various projects, including baby-blocks.com and OpenAnesthesia.
Natalie Koons, DO
Resident Liaison
Natalie Koons, DO
Institution
Stanford University School of Medicine
About
Natalie Koons, DO, is an anesthesiology resident at Stanford Health Care. She received her medical degree from the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine and completed her Internal Medicine internship at Stanford Health Care. Dr. Koons is a current FARM Research Scholar at Stanford Health Care and is interested in critical care/cardiac obstetric anesthesiology. She is the current President-Elect for the ASA Resident Component Governing Council and has a particular interest in the professional development of trainees and advocacy in anesthesiology. She joined OpenAnesthesia as an Associate Editor and Resident Liaison in 2025.
Emily Lin, MD, MS
Regional Anesthesia
Emily Lin, MD, MS
Institution
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
About
Emily Lin, MD, MS, is an anesthesiologist specializing in acute pain at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. She received her graduate degree in neuroscience and physiology at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, and worked at Abbott Laboratories in GPRD (Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development) prior to pursuing a medical degree. Dr. Lin completed her anesthesiology residency training at New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City, which was followed by a Regional and Acute Pain fellowship at NYSORA (New York School of Regional Anesthesia). Dr. Lin has been a practicing Regional Anesthesiologist since 2012. Her areas of clinical interest include peripheral nerve catheters with a special interest in the acute pain management for breast and plastic surgery. She has enjoyed being a part of OpenAnesthesia as a regional anesthesia section editor since coming on board in 2022.
Ying Low, MD
Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Ying Low, MD
Institution
Dartmouth Hospital
About
Ying Low, MD, is an assistant professor in anesthesiology at the Dartmouth Hospital in Lebanon, NH. After completing medical school in Singapore, she completed an anesthesiology residency and cardiothoracic anesthesiology fellowship at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, NC. Dr. Low has been practicing as a cardiac anesthesiologist since 2016. Her areas of interest include vasoplegia after cardiopulmonary bypass and anesthesia education. She joined the OpenAnesthesia POCUS section as an associate editor in 2022.
Elizabeth Malinzak, MD
Liaison to APSF
Elizabeth Malinzak, MD
Institution
Duke University
About
Elizabeth Malinzak, MD, is a pediatric anesthesiologist and Associate Professor at Duke University, where she serves as the Director of Medical Student Education for the Department of Anesthesiology. She attended medical school and residency at Duke University and pursued a pediatric anesthesiology fellowship at the University of North Carolina. Dr. Malinzak’s interests include medical education and simulation, patient safety, social media, leadership development, and diversity, equity, and inclusion. As such, she has been actively involved in Women in Anesthesiology, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, the American Board of Anesthesiology, and the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF). She is thrilled to serve as liaison between OpenAnesthesia and APSF with the goal of advancing patient safety education.
Pablo Motta, MD
Pediatric Spanish Education
Pablo Motta, MD
Institution
Texas Children's Hospital
About
Dr. Pablo Motta earned his MD from the UDELAR School of Medicine of Montevideo, Uruguay. He specialized in intensive care medicine in Uruguay. He pursued further adult and pediatric cardiac anesthesia training at Cleveland Clinic, holding positions at the Cleveland Clinic and the Baylor College of Medicine. Now an Associate Professor with Baylor, practicing at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston. Dr. Motta leads the section anesthesia for adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) at Texas Children's and the special interest group in ACHD at the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society. He is also active in resident and & fellow education and research. Dr. Motta is the Associate Medical Director of the Heart Center International Program, directing medical mission trips and advising several congenital anesthesia groups worldwide.
Marco V. Padilla, MD
Pediatric Spanish Education
Marco V. Padilla, MD
Institution
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati
About
Marco V. Padilla, MD, completed medical school and anesthesiology residency at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. He then moved to Cincinnati, Ohio for a fellowship in pediatric anesthesiology at Cincinnati Children's Hospital, and after that he completed an advanced fellowship in pediatric cardiac anesthesiology at Children's National Hospital in Washington D.C./George Washington University. Currently, Dr. Padilla is appointed as Assistant Professor in Clinical Anesthesiology at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati. He also serves as an associate editor on Pediatric Spanish Education for OpenAnesthesia. He has an interest in global anesthesia and expanding pediatric anesthesia education, particularly but not limited to Spanish-speaking anesthesia providers and the Central American region, as well as exploring the use of emerging AI educational tools. His clinical topics of interest are neonatal anesthesia, obstructive sleep apnea, pediatric obesity and one-lung ventilation.
Geoffrey Panjeton, MD
Pain Medicine
Geoffrey Panjeton, MD
Institution
Sisters of St. Mary Health and Saint Louis University
About
Geoffrey Panjeton, MD, is an anesthesiologist and interventional pain physician at SSM Health in St. Louis, MO and Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology at Saint Louis University. After completing his education and residency training in anesthesiology and a fellowship in pain medicine at the University of Florida, he moved to St. Louis with his family. His clinical interests include regional anesthesia and interventions for chronic pain including neuromodulation. In 2022, he joined OpenAnesthesia as Associate Editor for the Pain Medicine section.
Elisha Peterson, MD, Med, FAAP, FASA
Pediatric Anesthesia
Elisha Peterson, MD, Med, FAAP, FASA
Institution
Children's National Hospital
About
Elisha Peterson, MD, Med, FAAP, FASA, is a triple-boarded pediatric anesthesiologist and Harvard-trained pain medicine physician who is the Director of Chronic Pain at Children's National Hospital. She completed medical school at Rush Medical College and then went to Washington University-St. Louis for anesthesiology residency and pediatric anesthesiology fellowship training. Given her desire to serve children and teens with chronic pain, she completed the Harvard tri-institutional pain fellowship program completing 6 months at Boston Children's Hospital and 3 months each at Brigham and Beth Israel Deaconess hospitals. Her passion as a medical educator motivated her to speak on national stages about pain and improving the quality of care for black and brown populations. She received grant funding from the Society of Pediatric Anesthesia to develop a pipeline program in partnership with Howard University to increase diversity in anesthesiology. She joined the OpenAnesthesia Editorial Board as Pediatric Anesthesia Associate Editor in March 2022 and is a co-editor for the OpenAnesthesia and Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Ask the Expert podcast.
Ferenc Rabai, MD
Neuro Anesthesia
Ferenc Rabai, MD
Institution
Mayo Clinic Florida
About
Ferenc Rabai, MD, is a neuroanesthesiologist at the Department of Anesthesiology at Mayo Clinic Florida since April 2022. He obtained his medical degree in Hungary. He completed core surgical training and worked for two years as a staff grade surgeon in the UK. He completed his anesthesiology residency and a neuroanesthesiology fellowship in 2017 at the University of Florida, where he worked as an assistant professor. His clinical activities and research has focused on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and perioperative optimization. He has been an invited speaker at international venues. He has served as Associate Editor on the Editorial Board of OpenAnesthesia for the Neuroanesthesia section since April 2022.
Ellen Richter, MD, FASE
Cardiac Anesthesia
Ellen Richter, MD, FASE
Institution
Emory University
About
Ellen Richter, MD, FASE is an anesthesiologist at Emory University, where she completed her residency training and fellowship in adult cardiothoracic anesthesiology. She serves as the Director of Perioperative Echocardiography and the Operations Chief for Emory's Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Division and currently sits on the ASA’s Committee on Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesia and the NBE’s Advanced Perioperative Echocardiography Exam writing committee. Dr. Richter’s interests include echocardiographic assessment of mechanical support devices, anesthetic considerations for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, management of cardiac implantable electrical devices, and mitral regurgitation in noncardiac surgical patients. In 2022, she joined OpenAnesthesia as Associate Editor for the Keywords section.
Jamie Rubin, MD
Pediatric Anesthesia
Jamie Rubin, MD
Institution
Oregon Health & Science University
About
Jamie Rubin, MD, is a pediatric anesthesiologist at Doernbecher Children’s Hospital and an assistant professor at Oregon Health & Science University. She serves as the associate program director for the pediatric anesthesiology fellowship at OHSU, as well as the associate director of anesthesia simulation. She completed anesthesia residency at Massachusetts General Hospital, followed by pediatric anesthesia fellowship at Stanford. Dr. Rubin’s areas of clinical interest include using simulation to teach healthcare workers how to communicate and work together in emergencies. She has directed the OpenAnesthesia-Society of Pediatric Anesthesia Virtual Grand Rounds since 2018. In 2022, she joined OpenAnesthesia as Associate Editor for the Pediatric Anesthesia section.
Mandeep Singh, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRCPC
Liaison to SASM
Mandeep Singh, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRCPC
Institution
University of Toronto
About
Mandeep Singh, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRCPC, is an early career clinician-scientist, uniquely dual-certified in sleep medicine and anesthesiology, having completed the training from University of Toronto (UT) and practices in both the disciplines. He also completed a masters in clinical epidemiology and health sciences research from the Institute of Health and Policy Management and Evaluation, UT. He is lead and fellowship director of the inaugural Sleep, Anesthesiology and Pain medicine (SleAP) program at Women's College Hospital, and University Health Network, UT. Dr. Singh is the recipient of prestigious awards including the CAS Career Scientist Award, Merit Award program at University of Toronto, and SASM Presidential Scholar Award. His current translational research interests include evaluating perioperative outcomes in patients with sleep health disruption, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with a specific focus on evaluation of health technology such as wearable portable monitors, noncontact methods, and point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) airway for OSA diagnosis, and management. In 2022, he joined the OpenAnesthesia Editorial Board as a liaison for the Society for Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine.
Esperanza Sotta, MD
Pediatric Spanish Education
Esperanza Sotta, MD
Institution
Hospital de niños Roberto del Río and Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
About
Dr. Esperanza Sotta completed Medical School and Anesthesiology residency at Universidad de Los Andes in Santiago, Chile. She developed her interest in pediatric anesthesiology at Hospital de niños Roberto del Río, followed by pediatric cardiac anesthesiology fellowship at the same institution. Dr. Sotta is member of the Latin American Consortium for Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia. Her areas of interest include pediatric cardiac anesthesia and pediatric hemostasia. She joined OpenAnesthesia Pediatric Spanish Education section as an associate editor in 2024.
Albert Tsai, MD
Cardiac Anesthesia
Albert Tsai, MD
Institution
Stanford University
About
Albert Tsai, MD, is Clinical Assistant Professor in the Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Program Director of the Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Fellowship. He graduated from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and completed his anesthesiology residency at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. He completed an adult cardiothoracic anesthesiology fellowship at Stanford, where he has remained on faculty. Dr. Tsai has special interests in medical student, resident, and fellow curriculum development and education, and the role of augmented reality technology in medical simulation. He joined OpenAnesthesia in 2022 as Associate Editor for the Cardiac Anesthesia section.
Rebecca Nika Tsai, MS
Medical Student Liaison
Rebecca Nika Tsai, MS
Institution
Burrell College at New Mexico State University
About
Rebecca Nika Tsai, MS, is a medical student at Burrell College at New Mexico State University. She is dedicated to improving health outcomes for diverse patient populations through advocacy, service, research, and her position as President of the ASA Medical Student Component Governing Council. As President, she aims to increase access to and diversify early-career mentorship and education opportunities for all medical students interested in anesthesiology. She joined OpenAnesthesia as an Associate Editor and Medical Student Liaison in 2025.
Vera Winograd Gómez, MD
Pediatric Spanish Education
Vera Winograd Gómez, MD
Institution
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center / University of Cincinnati
About
Vera Winograd Gómez, MD, is an assistant professor of Anesthesiology in the Division of Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center / University of Cincinnati. She completed Medical School and Anesthesiology residency at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, Colombia. She subsequently moved to Cincinnati, Ohio where she completed fellowship training in both pediatric and congenital cardiac anesthesiology. She is currently pursuing a Master’s degree in medical education and holds the title of Associate Program Director of the Advanced Fellowship in Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Anesthesiology. She joined OpenAnesthesia Pediatric Spanish Education Section as Associate Editor in 2024 as part of her effort to improve access to high quality medical education in Colombia and Latin America that may ultimately optimize the quality of care Latin American children receive.
Katherine Zaleski, MD
Liaison to CCAS
Katherine Zaleski, MD
Institution
Boston Children's Hospital
About
Katherine Zaleski, MD, is a pediatric cardiac anesthesiologist at Boston Children's Hospital and an assistant professor of anesthesiology at Harvard Medical School. After completing medical school at Tufts University School of Medicine, she completed anesthesiology residency training at Brigham and Women's Hospital, followed by pediatric anesthesiology and pediatric cardiac anesthesiology fellowships at Boston Children’s Hospital. Dr. Zaleski has been practicing as a pediatric anesthesiologist since 2015 and as a pediatric cardiac anesthesiologist since 2017. She joined OpenAnesthesia as Associate Editor for the Pediatric Anesthesia section in 2022 and looks forward to being actively involved in the development of pediatric cardiac anesthesiology educational content.
Edward C. Nemergut, MD
Founder and Former EIC
About
Edward C. Nemergut, MD, is a Professor and Chair of Anesthesiology, Professor of Neurosurgery, and Professor of Neuroscience at West Virginia University. After completing medical school at Indiana University in 1998, he pursued an anesthesiology residency at the University of Virginia (UVA). Dr. Nemergut joined the faculty of the UVA in 2002, with a clinical focus on neuroanesthesia and liver transplantation. Although Dr. Nemergut conducts clinical, translational, and device research, his passion is medical education and medical education research. In 2015, Dr. Nemergut founded the Research in Medical Education Group in the Department of Anesthesiology at UVA to bring both innovation and scientific rigor to research in medical education and thereby improve the education of physicians and non-physicians. The group has been involved in the development of novel algorithms for individualized spaced-repetition, adaptive learning, Bayesian assessment, and test-enhanced learning. He has also studied the impact of fatigue on resident/student well-being and has studied the impact novel techniques such as generative retrieval and retrieval practice on learning of technical topics such as echocardiography and regional anesthesia. Finally, the group has conducted innovative work evaluating the impact of biases in medical education. Dr. Nemergut founded OpenAnesthesia with Dr. Robert Thiele in 2009.
Edward C. Nemergut, MD
Founder and Former EIC
Edward C. Nemergut, MD
About
Edward C. Nemergut, MD, is a Professor and Chair of Anesthesiology, Professor of Neurosurgery, and Professor of Neuroscience at West Virginia University. After completing medical school at Indiana University in 1998, he pursued an anesthesiology residency at the University of Virginia (UVA). Dr. Nemergut joined the faculty of the UVA in 2002, with a clinical focus on neuroanesthesia and liver transplantation. Although Dr. Nemergut conducts clinical, translational, and device research, his passion is medical education and medical education research. In 2015, Dr. Nemergut founded the Research in Medical Education Group in the Department of Anesthesiology at UVA to bring both innovation and scientific rigor to research in medical education and thereby improve the education of physicians and non-physicians. The group has been involved in the development of novel algorithms for individualized spaced-repetition, adaptive learning, Bayesian assessment, and test-enhanced learning. He has also studied the impact of fatigue on resident/student well-being and has studied the impact novel techniques such as generative retrieval and retrieval practice on learning of technical topics such as echocardiography and regional anesthesia. Finally, the group has conducted innovative work evaluating the impact of biases in medical education. Dr. Nemergut founded OpenAnesthesia with Dr. Robert Thiele in 2009.
Sponsor
OpenAnesthesia is proudly sponsored by the International Anesthesia Research Society.
The International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) is a nonpolitical, not-for-profit medical society founded in 1922 to advance and support scientific research and education related to anesthesia, and to improve patient care through research.
Visit IARS website
FAQ
Thank you for your interest in OpenAnesthesia!
Author (or, if no author is available, the name of the organization responsible for the site). Title (or, if no title is available, the name of the organization responsible for the site). Name of the website. Published [date]. Updated [date]. Accessed [date]. URL
For example:
Hunyady A, Patrao F. Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage. OpenAnesthesia. Published 02/01/2023. Updated 02/01/23. Access [date]. https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/posttonsillectomy-hemorrhage/
Questions or feedback? We’d love to hear from you.
[email protected]OpenAnesthesia®️, sponsored by the International Anesthesia Research Society, was founded by Dr. Edward C. Nemergut and Dr. Robert Thiele at the University of Virginia’s anesthesia program in 2009 as an open-access, crowd-sourced educational resource. It has since grown to a comprehensive, peer-reviewed resource for anesthesiology residents and physicians worldwide.