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Question of the Day
A 4-week-old infant presents with tachycardia and tachypnea and is refusing to take anything by mouth. Chest x-ray reveals congenital emphysema on the left. What would be the most likely findings on physical exam on the affected side?
Explanation
Congenital lobar emphysema is a developmental anomaly of the lung that is characterized by hyperinflation of one or more of the pulmonary lobes. The left lung is more commonly involved and specifically the left upper lobe is the most commonly affected. Infants typically have tachypnea and increased work of breathing, and may have cyanosis. Recurrent pneumonia or poor feeding with failure to thrive are less frequent presentations that may occur in milder forms. Physical examination reveals decreased breath sounds and hyperresonance to percussion. A chest x-ray will reveal hyper-inflation.
OA Series: May 2025
